Perceived family functioning, marital status, and depression in parents of boys with attention deficit disorder   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

R T Brown  J N Pacini 《Journal of learning disabilities》1989,22(9):581-587

The present study examined the perceptions of parents of children with attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD/H) regarding their family environment and depression in comparison with a clinical and a nondisabled control group. Parents of children with ADD/H perceived their family environment as less supportive and more stressful than did either the clinical or the nondisabled controls. Specifically, ADD/H parents viewed their families as having lower levels of interpersonal relationships than did either of the control groups. Ratings of depression for each of the parent groups indicated a greater frequency of depressive symptomatology among the parents of children with ADD/H. In addition, more parents of ADD/H children were separated or divorced. Correlation coefficients computed for the entire sample suggest differences between mothers' and fathers' depression and differences in their perceptions of the family. Recommendations are made for future research as well as the development of treatment programs to incorporate work with the parents of children with ADD/H.  相似文献   

An approach through the looking-glass     

Wayne A. Hershberger 《Learning & behavior》1986,14(4):443-451

Forty food-deprived cockerel chicks were tested individually in a straight runway containing a familiar food cup that moved when the chicks moved. The food cup always moved in the same direction as the chick: For 20 experimental chicks it moved twice as far as the chick; for 20 control chicks it moved half as far. In Lewis Carroll’s (1898/1926) picturesque terminology, the experimental chicks were tested in Alice’s “room through the looking-glass,” in which, in order to approach the food cup, they had to “walk the other way.” Although the control chicks performed well, the experimental chicks evinced the runway behavior that characterizes positive feedback: They persistently chased the food cup away. This means that the spatial polarity of visual feedback is critical and implies that an ordinary approach response is but an automatic (closed-loop) realization of an intended visual perception.  相似文献   

WeAre amused     

Roger A. Fischer 《Academic Questions》1992,6(1):8-9

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Conjunctive differentiation of gape during food-reinforced keypecking in the pigeon     

James D. Deich  Robert W. Allan  H. Philip Zeigler 《Learning & behavior》1988,16(3):268-276

The pigeon’s keypecking response includes both a head-transport (peck) and a jaw-movement (gape) component. Because the two components are mediated by different effector systems, they may potentially be viewed as orthogonal responses. A response differentiation procedure was used to bring gape amplitude under operant control. The procedure employed a conjunctive response requirement in which reinforcement was contingent upon both gaping and key contact. The key-contact requirement was held constant, while the gape contingency was systematically varied to reinforce either decreases or increases in gape amplitude with respect to baseline. The procedure was effective in shifting the gape distributions in both the upward and downward directions and in inducing new gape values that deviated from the baseline in the reinforced direction. These observations indicate that gape may be brought under operant control. However, subjects showed a bias in the differentiation of the gape response, such that larger gapes were more readily differentiated than smaller gapes. The results are discussed in relation to the methodological utility of the paradigm, the problem of biological constraints on learning, and the heuristic utility of a response components analysis.  相似文献   

在职业环境中培养教育硕士生 ——东北师范大学全日制教育硕士生培养综合改革的实践与思考     

高  夯等 《学位与研究生教育》2018,(1):7-12

东北师范大学于2013年启动了全日制教育硕士生培养综合改革。改革以“创造的教育”理念为引领,以教师成长规律和教师教育规律为遵循,以提升理论素养、发展关键能力为重点,以“三个贯通与一体化”为基础,通过创新培养模式、改革课程与教学、优化教育实践方式、构建协同培养机制等举措的实施,优化了培养过程与环节,提升了培养质量,探索出了大学与优质中学协同培养教育硕士生的新模式与新机制。  相似文献   

Algorithms     

R. K. Shyamasundar 《Resonance》1997,2(3):16-32

In this article, we describe structured data types such as one dimensional arrays and illustrate the use of data structures in the development of searching and sorting programs.We illustrate an algorithmic design technique referred to asthe Divide-and-Conquer method and introduce an important and a prominent data structure calledtrees.  相似文献   

Demythologising the Missionaries: a reassessment of the functions and relationships of Christian missionary education under colonialism     

Clayton G. Mackenzie 《比较教育学》1993,29(1):45-66

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A program for excellence in physics and physical science teaching     

Dale D. Long  Dr. Thomas G. Teates  Paul F. Zweifel 《Journal of Science Teacher Education》1992,3(4):109-113

Conclusion It seems reasonable to conclude that the impact of these projects has been extensive and that we have met our basic objectives regarding the improvement of science education for the target teachers and students. The long-term goal of improved scientific literacy of at least a part of the citizens of this country and world can only be assessed by some form of longitudinal study that is beyond the scope and funding for these projects. But our assessment of what has been accomplished in the short term efforts seems to indicate very positive gains in those areas of knowledge, confidence, and pedagogical capability that we believe will enable the participants to make contributions to the improvement of scientific literacy for the students with whom they work. In short, we believe we have had two successful and worthwhile programs that have been useful and effective.  相似文献   

Contrasting forms of understanding for degree examinations: the student experience and its implications   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4  

N. J. Entwistle  Abigail Entwistle 《Higher Education》1991,22(3):205-227

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Evaluation and the new curricula     

J. Dudley Herron 《科学教学研究杂志》1966,4(3):159-170

A comparison of student performance on CHEM Study chemistry and conventional chemistry in terms of certain cognitive abilities.  相似文献